AND DISTRIBUTED ENERGY
Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries (VFBs) work by storing vanadium-based electrolyte in two tanks, with the difference between the tanks being the electrical charge of the vanadium (V5+, V4+ and V3+, V2+). This creates an electric potential between the anode and cathode which is converted to electrical energy when they are pumped through the cell stacks.
Our choice of VFB is a US patented core technology with specialised cell stack and electrode design with recognition from Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. VFB has been proven in the market for more than 15 years at 50+ sites. It has also been used in US military/navy bases.
Vanadium, a metal named after Vanadis, the Scandinavian goddess of beauty. Vanadium can be extracted from ores, co-production with steel slags and other secondary sources such as fly ashes and spent catalysts.
Used mostly in alloys to strengthen steel (~ 90% of global consumption), but now vanadium is also seen as the vital ingredient in electrolyte for large clean-energy batteries ideal for stationary storage. In addition to the current tight global inventories, China has also tightened standards on the strength of rebar to make more earthquake-proof buildings.
Moreover, all four types of vanadium-bearing slags, ashes and residues are forbidden for import into China, which are some of the sources for vanadium production.
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| VFBs | Li-ion Battery | Fuel Cell | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lifespan | > 20,000 cycles (25 years+) | 1,000 – 5,000 cycles (2 – 6 years) | > 40,000 hours (10 years+) |
| Fire & Explosion Risk |  |
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| Scalability | Higher (more liquid more capacity) |
Lower (requiring an entirely separate unit) |
Lower (requiring an entirely separate unit) |
| Very low Self-Discharge Rate & Degradation | |
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| Reusable Electrolyte | |
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| Roundtrip Efficiency | 70 - 80% | 80 - 95% | 30 - 40% |
| Long Duration | |
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| High Density But Short Life | |
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| Very Low Levelised Cost of Storage | |
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| External Fuel Source Required | |
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We recently acquired a stake in a vanadium-resource and processing company in China through a Hong Kong-based company.
To be the leading Vertical Fully-Integrated Low-Cost High Purity Vanadium Producer and Vanadium Flow Batteries (VFBs) Supplier for the hundred-billion dollar Energy Storage Industry
